升级8U2固件:在 Uno 或 Mega2560 上升级 Atmega8U2 的固件。这块芯片作为 USB 到串口的转换器其固件可以通过 USB 升级。
升级 WiFi 扩展板固件:The ATmega32UC3A1256 take care of implement the TCP/IP stack and talk with the HDG104 WiFi module. Upgrading the firmware could improve or change the behavior of the shield.
为 Due 升级 16U2 固件:The Atmega16U2 on the Arduino Due acts as USB-to-Serial converter on the Programming port. When a new release comes out, you will need to upgrade it.
引脚分布图 (ATmega8, ATmega168): a diagram showing the correspondence between the pins on an Arduino board and those of the ATmega8 or ATmega168 microcontroller.
Arduino is designed to be easily extensible, being based on standard and powerful components. This section of the site includes information on how Arduino works and ways you can extend it.
The Arduino hardware is based on Atmel's AVR microcontrollers, in particular the ATmega8, the ATmega168, the ATmega328, and the ATmega1280. Arduino sketches are C/C++ based and compiled with the open-source compiler avr-gcc and linked against the open-source AVR Libc. The Arduino language comes from Wiring. The Arduino environment is based on Processing and includes modifications made by Wiring.
Other tutorials for extending Arduino include:
Arduino on a breadboard: construct your own USB Arduino using individual components on a breadboard (from the ITP physical computing tutorials). See also the serial version.
DIY breadboard shield: make your own breadboard shield to snap onto an Arduino board.
DIY Arduino shields: instructions for designing and etching your own Arduino shield.
Other resources:
AVR fuse calculator: useful for figuring out which fuse settings to use for custom circuits.
Minty Boost process: no microcontroller, but a great explanation on how to put together a kit, from idea to product.